Dry Deposition is the settling down of pollutants (including particulate pollutants and aerosols) present in the atmosphere onto a ground-level surface. Most often, this deposition is absorbed by the soil or vegetation.
Dry deposition is responsible for the clearance of 50-66% of pollutant particles in the atmosphere.
Figure 4: A graphical representation of the natural process of dry deposition of particulate matter occurring in the atmosphere.
Figure 5: Under the influence of Pure Skies technology transient weak dielectrophoretic forces are created, which accelerates the particulate matter causing them to collide with one another, agglomerate, and clear out from the atmosphere, faster.
Dry deposition happens 24×7, both indoors and outdoors. A common example of dry deposition that we are all familiar with is the layer of dust that settles on the surface of your car if it is not washed for a few days.
Figure 6: An example of dry deposition in action. Dust settles on an unwashed car left outside over a period of several days.
In air pollution control, several technologies utilize the basic principles of agglomeration and settling – two actions that are a key part of dry deposition – to accelerate the clearance of particle pollutants in flue gases emitted from industrial processes. Gravitational settling units (by gravity), electrostatic precipitators (by ionization), and cyclone dust collectors (by centrifugal force) are common examples in everyday use.
Based on laboratory data, the pulsed radio wave technology creates a weak electric field that affects particle pollutants of very small size (lab tested up to 20 microns in diameter), resulting in the formation of temporary dipoles.
Unpublished data from our lab suggests that the reduction in ambient pollutants occurs through the agglomeration and settling of these particle pollutants, with a maximum size of 20-microns in diameter. This is supported by our observation that particle pollutants of 100 microns in diameter are unaffected by pulsed radio wave technology,
Active research to validate this is currently being pursued through research collaborations with academia.
We are pleased to report that we have submitted multiple scientific manuscripts to international peer-reviewed journals for publication. Details from this work will be shared after the manuscripts have been officially accepted and are formally in press. The accepted manuscripts have been shared below.
Particulate matter (PM) constitutes a significant risk factor for environmental health regarding ambient air quality. An epidemiological investigation has determined that inadequate air quality is associated with the development of lung and cardiovascular diseases, chronic ailments, respiratory infections, and a significant number of fatalities on a global scale. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the annual mortality rate due to air pollution is around 7 million individuals. The necessity for researching air quality, climate change, and the challenges posed by particulate matter (PM) is widely recognized. While reducing ambient air quality, it is essential to consider the limitations of current technical control methods. This article focuses on developing and implementing advanced technology to mitigate particle pollution in urban environments. The comparison of empirical data and computational simulations has demonstrated the efficacy of utilizing pulsed radio waves to reduce particulate matter. The control technique exhibits a threefold increase in the rate of PM concentration reduction compared to gravity settling. The approach’s efficacy was evaluated through controlled trials conducted in controlled chambers and urban environments, demonstrating up to 50% reductions. The validation of the implemented test case results of the control technology was performed using historical data while considering the existence of radio waves. The coagulation process demonstrated and verified the effectiveness of reducing particle matter. The employed methodology has been shown to encourage outcomes concerning mitigating particulate matter contamination within urban and industrial environments.
Air pollution poses a significant threat to human society in terms of both health and climate. Particulate matter, particularly particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 30 µm, will get deposited in our organs through various processes. Traditional air purification technologies based on filters and fans are effective in reducing indoor air pollution. Given the effects of air pollutants on human health, there is a strong need for a technology that can work for ambient air by covering a large area of volume. Pulsed radio waves-based technology can be a strong solution for this kind of application. This Paper explains the technology and its application in detail. The technology used pulsed radio waves to create electromagnetic fields that affect the pollutants in the air to coagulate and deposit on the surface. This is how it mitigates the pollutants in the ambient environment. Testing has shown that in a controlled environment, particulate matter concentrations can be reduced by more than 65-70%. In addition, we tested in the real field and observed more than a 55% reduction in Particulate matter concentration in a month considering all external parameters, including metrological conditions.
The need for technologies that can clean the air indoors has grown in pace with the rise in outside pollution. Maintaining interior environment adaptability requires a permanent air purification system that may be utilized to control PM2.5/10. In addition to more traditional methods of air purification, developing advanced control systems that effectively reduce PM levels sustainably is necessary. Pulsed radio waves may expedite the dry deposition of particles having aerodynamic dimensions of less than 30 µm. The charging and coagulation processes are evaluated in an indoor restricted environment. Experimental results reveal a similar pattern to the Monte Carlo models. Distribution of charge due to the nature of the charging environment increases the coagulation rate. Contained experimental testing confirms the filtering system functions as expected, corroborated by the present research. Daily average levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were lowered by between 55 and 41% according to a study done in three indoor settings using the control technology. Research conducted throughout all seasons showed that the approach was consistently efficient in reducing PM2.5/10. It was shown that PM concentrations could be lowered by around 45 percent using pulse radio wave technology, leading to this conclusion. The use of electromagnetic waves (EM waves) to eliminate air pollution has been suggested as a radical new approach. Considering the limitations of already used strategies, this is of paramount significance while considering solutions to control air pollution.
PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 are well-controlled. In fact, PM1 and PM2.5 are reduced more than PM10 due to their smaller size.
Pulsed radio waves have little effect on particles larger than 20 microns in diameter. These particles are simply too large for our technology. Visible dust, pollen, coke dust, and volcanic dust larger than 20-30 microns are not affected due to their large size.
Size of particulate pollutants affected by Pure Skies. In general, particle sizes smaller than 20-30 microns are affected. There is insufficient data on viruses (e.g. coronavirus) to make any recommendations.
Ozone, VOCs such s NOX & SOX and certain complex pollutants (e.g. polyaromatic hydrocarbons) are not affected by pulsed radio waves.
There is no data on Pure Skies and coronavirus.
All commercial Pure Skies units work in the ISM frequency band similar to the Wi-Fi spectrum (2.4-2.5 GHz) and power levels are maintained under standard regulations. The World Health Organization has stated that there are no adverse health effects from Wi-Fi.
Each Pure Skies unit uses a custom-made omnidirectional antenna (EIRP < 100 mW) which has been tested at multiple facilities, including ITI Labs, Bengaluru (a national level testing facility), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, and other institutions.
Other accessories include an IoT hardware system and Power Source.
